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5 DECEMBER 2014 VOLUME 15 ISSUE 49

Media Coverage

  • This pill prevents HIV, so why are so many women still being infected?

    When Julie Lynn first noticed conversations about AIDS in the mainstream media, it was 1984, and she was a college freshman living in Houston. Lynn was already sexually active, but until then, “protected sex” had revolved around not getting pregnant. She’d expected college to be a time of sexual and social exploration. But her fear of this new, sexually transmitted, deadly disease “had a very chilling effect,” she said. “I just decided I wasn’t going to have sex anymore.”
    December 5, 2014
    takepart

  • Spending $25 a woman annually on healthcare could save millions of lives

    Spending on average $25 a woman annually on sexual and reproductive health services would drastically lower the number of women dying in pregnancy and childbirth, and the number of newborn deaths. Although this amount equates to doubling current funding for reproductive health, the authors of...Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health 2014 say the long-term gains for women, society and the economy outstrip the costs.
    December 4, 2014
    Guardian

  • HIV rights groups attack Museveni

    A coalition of civil society organisations on the frontline of Uganda’s HIV response yesterday demanded President Museveni to withdrawal his remarks on HIV/AIDS prevention. While commemorating World AIDS Day in Fort Portal on Monday, the President said: “Those NGOs and whites come deceiving you that circumcision and condom use are the best ways to protect yourself against HIV/AIDS. But I advise you to put padlocks on your private parts.”
    December 4, 2014
    New Times

  • Rwanda: Woes of living with HIV as a woman

    World AIDS Day is marked globally on December 1. This is a day that brings bad memories for many women living with HIV/AIDS. For many it reminds them of the agony and pain they went through after contracting HIV at the hands of their unfaithful spouses or rape during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. That is the story 36-year-old Daphrose Mushimiyimana relates to with deep pain.
    December 4, 2014
    New Times

  • Rwanda: Fighting AIDS - Expert lauds national HIV response mechanism

    The world can learn a lot from Rwanda's way of responding to new research findings related to HIV, Dr Edward Mills, from Global Evaluative Sciences, Vancouver, Canada, said yesterday addressing a three-day International HIV Research Conference in Kigali...."Rwanda is a world leader...not only in terms of the quality of research...but also the fact that you have decision makers who are willing to accept evidences and change policies according to the evidences," he said.
     
    December 4, 2014
    New Times

  • Science should keep out of partisan politics

    Two weeks after US voters installed a Republican majority in the Senate and expanded the Republican majority in the House of Representatives, the American Association for the Advancement of Science...named a former Democratic member of Congress as its new chief. Once, these events might have been unrelated. But in today's poisonous partisan atmosphere, the AAAS's choice of Rush Holt...looks as political as the election itself....
    December 4, 2014
    Nature

  • HIV's ability to cause AIDS is weakening over time, study finds

    Rapid evolution of HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is slowing its ability to cause AIDS, according to a study of more than 2,000 women in Africa. Scientists said the research suggests a less virulent HIV could be one of several factors contributing to a turning of the deadly pandemic, eventually leading to the end of AIDS.
     
    December 4, 2014
    Reuters

  • The biggest HIV/AIDS research breakthroughs of 2014

    There’s a lot to be optimistic about in the global fight against HIV and AIDS....Groundbreaking research is uncovering better ways to keep AIDS at bay and prevent HIV infection and transmission....To celebrate these advances, as well as World AIDS Day, we’ve rounded up a list of the most exciting HIV and AIDS findings of 2014.
    December 4, 2014
    Huffington Post

  • PLoS publishes free special collection on HIV care and prevention for sex workers

    PLoS, publisher of open-access research, has announced a special collection of articles on the health of female sex workers, focusing on delivery and scale-up of HIV care and prevention interventions. The collection is available free online at www.ploscollections.org/achievingHIVimpact.
    December 4, 2014
    HIV & Hepatitis

  • WHO: 'China is witnessing an evolving HIV epidemic'

    China's National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention last year estimated that as many as 810,000 people are living with HIV/AIDS in the country....In particular, HIV infections in China continue to increase among men who have sex with men. Bernhard Schwartlaender, WHO Representative in China, says in a DW interview that while the country has made remarkable progress..., China still faces many challenges in terms of preventing new infections and ensuring equitable access to healthcare and treatment.
    December 3, 2014
    Deutsche Welle

  • Myanmar to provide free treatment to half of HIV/AIDS patients by 2016

    Myanmar has pledged to provide free treatment to around half of the country’s patients affected by HIV and AIDS by 2016, as civil society groups called on the government to increase efforts to meet upcoming global eradication targets on World AIDS Day. Health Minister Than Aung told reporters in the capital Naypyidaw on Monday that the government would spend around US $5 million next year on antiretroviral therapy for nearly all of the people affected with HIV/AIDS in Myanmar not already receiving treatment....
     
    December 3, 2014
    Radio Free Asia

  • A promising HIV vaccine in South Africa

    The only HIV-vaccine clinical trial that has shown potential so far is the United States’ and Thai military’s vaccine, RV144, the results of which were announced in 2009. RV144 demonstrated a “modest” 31 percent efficacy at the end of the three-year study [and] was 60 percent effective at the one-year mark, reported the US Military HIV Research Program. The first in a series of trials designed to build on the success of RV144 has now passed a key test in South Africa.
     
    December 3, 2014
    The Atlantic

  • 30 years of HIV in Kenya

    Interactive timeline that charts the past three decades in the country, milestones in science and media coverage, and how the story has changed along the way.
    December 3, 2014
    Internews

  • WHO makes cervical cancer protection easier, cheaper

    The World Health Organization introduced new cervical cancer guidelines Wednesday, making it easier and cheaper to protect women against one of the deadliest, but most preventable, diseases. In launching new guidance at the World Cancer Congress in Melbourne, WHO said it now recommends nine to 13-year-old girls should receive two doses of the HPV vaccine, rather than the previous three.
     
    December 3, 2014
    Yahoo News

  • Male circumcision benefits outweigh risks, US CDC says

    The benefits of male circumcision outweigh the risks, according a long awaited draft of federal guidelines from US health officials released Tuesday, which indicate that scientific evidence supports recommending the procedure. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that medically performed male circumcision could help decrease the risk of contracting HIV and several other sexually transmitted infections as well as other health problems.
    December 2, 2014
    Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
    Reuters

  • Does new HIV-prevention technology empower or burden women?

    In October, I had the opportunity to participate in the HIVR4P Conference....I found myself gravitating to sessions on PrEP for women and Multi-Purpose Prevention Technologies (MPTs), led by enthusiastic researchers and women's health advocates....One key promise of MPTs is that they will allow women to take control over their own sexual and reproductive health decisions.
    December 2, 2014
    Huffington Post

  • Female condom empowers Ethiopian sex workers to prevent HIV

    A year on from the introduction of a new female condom in Ethiopia, Befekadu Beyene explores what impact it is having on the lives of young women, including sex workers. The condom, FC2, offers the same level of protection as the first female condom (FC1) while eliminating the noise that some users found distracting. Frehiwot Belay, 26, a sex worker in Addis Ababa, believes the new condom brings “power for women at risk”.
     
     
    December 1, 2014
    Key Correspondents

  • HIV positive more among migrant labourers due to lack of awareness: Sajjanshetty

    The District Health and Family Welfare Officer, Sajjanshetty has said that the majority of the HIV positive cases reported in the district were from the rural areas and the migrant labourers were the major victims. Speaking at the function organised by the Health and Family Welfare Department to commemorate the World AIDS Day in Kalaburagi on Monday, Dr. Sajjanshetty said that the lack of awareness about the disease and how the disease can be avoided by following simple methods was the major reason for its spread in the rural areas.
    December 1, 2014
    The Hindu

  • MeadWestvaco chosen for trials of HIV-prevention medication

    MeadWestvaco Corporation , a global leader in packaging and packaging solutions, has received a grant to provide its Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS™) to The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The system is being used in the foundation’s new demonstration projects on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications to help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and India. The four studies launched in October 2014.

    December 1, 2014
    SCNOW

  • ‘Milestone’ in fight against AIDS as treatment outpaces infections

    The world has passed an important tipping point in the fight against AIDS, according to data showing that more people gained access to HIV drugs last year than became infected with the virus. This marks the first time since antiretroviral medicines were introduced 27 years ago that treatment of HIV has expanded at a higher rate than incidence of the virus itself.
     
    December 1, 2014
    Financial Times

  • Ebola overshadows fight against HIV/AIDS in Sierra Leone

    The outbreak of the deadly Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone has dwarfed the campaign against HIV/AIDS, to the extent that patients no longer go to hospitals and treatment centres out of fear of contracting the Ebola virus. “It is a big challenge for us. HIV/AIDS patients now fear going to hospitals for treatment and our workers, who are also government health officials, are also afraid of contacting patients for fear of being infected,” Abubakar Koroma, Director of Communications at the National AIDS Secretariat, told IPS.
    December 1, 2014
    IPS News

  • Prince Harry reveals secret on World AIDS Day, helps fight stigma

    To celebrate World AIDS Day, and help put an end to the stigma surrounding the disease, Harry agreed to unveil a secret as part of his “Feel No Shame” campaign ....“I get incredibly nervous before public speaking,” Harry said in a video posted to YouTube....For Harry, who typically works to keep his private life under wraps, sharing his own vulnerabilities was worthwhile if it meant getting people to pay attention to the AIDS crisis where he focuses his efforts.
    December 1, 2014
    Huffington Post

  • HIV prevention is failing young South African women

    South Africa has a perfect storm of early sexual debut, inter-generational sex, little HIV knowledge, violence, and gender and economic inequalities that lead young women aged between 15 and 24 to have a disproportionately high rate of HIV infection....Professor Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, director for research at Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute in Johannesburg, describes the factors that put young women at higher risk.
     
    December 1, 2014
    IPS News

  • South African AIDS group says treatment stalling

    In T-shirts boldly declaring "HIV Positive," members of the Treatment Action Campaign marked the 10th anniversary of their court victory that brought the South African government to provide drugs to AIDS patients....The group refused to join a much larger gathering organized by the government and National AIDS Council, [saying] it would not join a celebration while South Africa's over-burdened public health care system is eroding progress made in the last decade.
    December 1, 2014
    Associated Press

  • GlaxoSmithKline leads in getting drugs to poor

    For the fourth time, GlaxoSmithKline has led all other pharmaceutical companies on an influential list ranking companies by how effectively they help the world’s poor get needed medicines. The list, the Access to Medicine Index, has been published every other year since 2008 by a group in the Netherlands financed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the British and Dutch governments. It published the current rankings last month.
    December 1, 2014
    New York Times

  • Top 10 trends in HIV this year

    This year we have seen palpable progress in the fight against AIDS, and also some astonishing hucksterism. In celebration of World AIDS Day 2014, here are 10 of the most influential trends in HIV this year. 
    December 1, 2014
    Murmurs

  • Apps go (RED) for World AIDS Day

    It’s World AIDS Day, and the app world, more notably Apple, is doing its part to contribute to the cause. Apple will be donating a portion of the proceeds from every iPad, iPod, iPhone, MacBook and more to the Global Fund this entire week (until Dec. 7).
     
    December 1, 2014
    MedCity News

  • UNAIDS: HIV epidemic will spring back without near-universal diagnosis and treatment

    Adopting "fast-track" targets could avert more than 28 million new HIV infections and prevent 21 million AIDS-related deaths by 2030, according to this year's UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report. However, if the response is not rapidly scaled-up over the next 5 years to achieve near-universal diagnosis and treatment, the epidemic is likely to "spring back" with an even higher rate of new HIV infections than today, the report warns.
     
    December 1, 2014
    HIV & Hepatitis

  • Triple antiretroviral therapy best for preventing mother-to-child transmission

    A 3-drug regimen containing lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) plus 2 nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was more effective at preventing perinatal HIV transmission than taking a single drug during pregnancy, another during labor, and 2 more after delivery, according to findings from the PROMISE study.
    December 1, 2014
    HIV & Hepatitis

  • The most important thing to look for when buying condoms

    We all know that condoms can help combat infection -- the best study pointed to an 80 percent reduction in risk. But did you know that not all condoms are created equal? In honor of World AIDS Day, here's a look at how the WHO and United Nations approve some condoms and not others.
    December 1, 2014
    Huffington Post

  • Ethiopia tests thousands for HIV in record attempt

    More than 3,300 people were tested for HIV Sunday in the Ethiopian region of Gambella, a massive turnout that exceeded expectations among AIDS campaigners who had hoped to test 2,000 people. Rahel Gettu of the UNAids agency in Ethiopia said they believe they broke the world record for the number of HIV tests carried out in one day, the claim yet to be verified and confirmed by Guinness World Records.
    December 1, 2014
    Huffington Post

  • Mylan to manufacture, distribute Gilead Sciences HIV drug

    Gilead Sciences will allow a subsidiary of the pharmaceutical company Mylan Inc. to have nonexclusive rights to manufacture and distribute its HIV treatment drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in 112 countries. If approved by the US FDA, Mylan will be able to manufacture TAF as either a single agent or in an approved combination. The license for 112 countries accounts for more than 30 million of those with HIV, or 84% globally. TAF is currently in phase III clinical development.
    December 1, 2014
    Market Watch

  • Why HIV prevention meds should be available on the NHS now

    Pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis (PrEP) involves giving at-risk HIV-negative people a daily dose of HIV medication. Though controversial to some, it is proving highly effective in preventing infection and activists are calling for it to be rolled out immediately....We now have compelling research on the effectiveness and acceptability of PrEP that didn’t exist even a year ago.  Now’s the time for thoughtful, well-researched and well-resourced action to be taken to make it available on the NHS.
     
    December 1, 2014
    New Statesman

  • Cultural norms, knowledge scarcity fuel rise of HIV in MENA

    UNAIDS' annual report, released last week,...notes that the Middle East and North Africa region has one of the world's lowest HIV prevalence rates, with an average of 230,000 people living with HIV. This overall figure, however, hides alarming statistics. Over the past decade, the MENA region has been experiencing a fast-growing HIV epidemic, with new infections increasing more than 50 percent. Similarly, AIDS-related deaths have more than doubled between 2001 and 2012.
    December 1, 2014
    Devex

  • Millions with HIV die for lack of access to AIDS drugs, MPs say

    According to a cross-party group of MPs,...the global effort to get the drugs to children and adults in low and middle-income countries is still falling short, in part because of high prices charged by pharmaceutical companies and cuts in donor funding....Two groups in particular are in jeopardy – children...and people who need second-line drug combinations.
    November 30, 2014
    Guardian

  • People with disabilities must be counted in the fight against HIV

    In local communities, legislatures and at the United Nations, people with disabilities like Jane are demanding their right to equal access to HIV services. Not only on Dec. 1, World AIDS Day, but every day....This week we also observe the international day of persons with disabilities. This coincidence of the calendar is not a coincidence for millions of people with disabilities around the globe who may have never received any information on HIV and are unable to access HIV prevention, treatment and care services.
    November 28, 2014
    IPS News

  • The Body, no decline since 2004: Europe’s HIV response falls short in curbing epidemic

    Despite advances in medical treatment and HIV prevention options, the HIV epidemic in Europe shows no signs of slowing down....“Looking at our data, we clearly see that across Europe the populations most at-risk of HIV infection are not reached effectively enough, particularly men who have sex with men”, explains ECDC Director Marc Sprenger.
     
    November 27, 2014
    ECDC

  • Johnson & Johnson's Rezolsta approved in the EU for HIV-1

    Earlier this week, Johnson & Johnson’s subsidiary, Janssen, announced that its HIV-1 drug, Rezolsta [a fixed-dose combination of Johnson & Johnson’s Prezista and Gilead Sciences’ Tybost] has been approved by the European Commission (EC) for use with other antiretroviral therapies in patients aged 18 years and above. The EC’s decision was expected. Rezolsta is currently under review in the U.S. for the same indication.
     
    November 27, 2014
    Zacks Equity Research

  • CDC: 30% of people with HIV achieved viral suppression

    Of the approximately 1.2 million Americans with HIV, just 30% achieved viral suppression in 2011, according to November’s Vital Signs report in MMWR. Data from the new study also indicate that among the individuals who have not successfully controlled the virus, 66% were diagnosed but not engaged in regular care. Another 20% did not yet know they were infected....
     
    November 26, 2014
    Healio

  • Positive response to 'gift tokens for undetectable viral load' trial

    A US study [HPTN 065/TLC-Plus] presented at last month’s HIV Research for Prevention conference found generally positive responses among people with HIV and clinic staff to a trial that used $70 gift tokens as an incentive for people to attend clinic regularly, refill their HIV treatment drug prescriptions, and maintain an undetectable viral load.  
    November 24, 2014
    aidsmap

  • Invisible sexuality: older adults missing in sexual health research

    The Australian Study of Health and Relationships, released recently, has much to commend it. Like its counterpart, the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, it provides an illustration of sexual practices of today’s adults,...[[but] both studies leave out a significant proportion of the population – older adults....It would make sense to include today’s older adults in such studies...to help devise strategies to combat the increasing rates of STIs and HIV/AIDS among this group.
    November 23, 2014
    The Conversation

  • START study could change how we look at HIV treatment, and HIV itself

    Have you heard of the START (Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment) study? In my opinion, it is probably the most important study currently running. It generates strong views, both for and against initiating antiretroviral therapy early, but the results are likely to be surprising. Let's look at what START will and won't tell us about "when to start" treatment. 
    November 21, 2014
    The Body

Published Research

  • World AIDS Day 2014: A selection of HIV/AIDS articles from the Lancet portfolio

    To mark World AIDS Day, each of the editors of the Lancet portfolio have identified important articles from their respective journals and have made them freely available for the month of December 2014. We hope you will find this a useful and interesting resource. Table of Contents and links at: http://www.thelancet.com/World-AIDS-Day.
    December 28, 2014
    Lancet

  • Inhibition of LSD1 reduces herpesvirus infection, shedding, and recurrence by promoting epigenetic suppression of viral genomes

    Scientists have developed a novel treatment approach for persistent viral infections such as herpes. Using animal models of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, researchers show that blocking the activity of a host cell protein called LSD1 reduces HSV infection, shedding (release of viral particles) and recurrence....The treatment targets a very early stage of the HSV infectious cycle and greatly reduced symptoms of HSV disease, shedding and lesion recurrence. 
    December 4, 2014
    Science Translational Medicine

  • The case for early antiretroviral therapy towards a cure of HIV infection

    This issue of Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS makes a strong case for early ART as a critical step in achieving HIV remission and cure.
     
    December 4, 2014
    Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

  • How can we better identify early HIV infections?

    Detection of early HIV infections (EHIs), including acute HIV infection (AHI), is important for individual health, prevention of HIV transmission, and measurement of HIV incidence....There are important recent advances in detection of EHIs at the individual and population levels. Applying optimal combinations of tests in diagnostic and HIV incidence algorithms is urgently needed to support the multiple goals derived from enhanced detection and discrimination of EHIs.
    December 4, 2014
    Current Opinion in HIV & AIDS

  • Male Ebola survivors asked to abstain from sex

    Male Ebola survivors in Liberia are being warned by local health authorities to abstain from sex for at least three months after being discharged from treatment centres, over fears the virus can still be passed on, even once the person has been given a clean bill of health....The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is spreading similar abstinence messages nationwide via TV spots, billboards and word of mouth. 
    December 4, 2014
    IRIN

  • Annual rates of decline in child, maternal, HIV, and tuberculosis mortality across 109 countries of low and middle income from 1990 to 2013: an assessment of the feasibility of post-2015 goals

    From 2005 to 2013, the mean annual rate of decline in under-5 mortality was 4·3%, for...HIV mortality 2·2%. The top two country performers [for HIV mortality] were Namibia and Rwanda for HIV mortality. At aspirational rates of decline, the Lancet's Commission on Investing in Health target for under-5 mortality would be achieved by 50—64% of countries...and 66—82% of countries would achieve the target for HIV mortality.
    December 4, 2014
    Lancet Global Health

  • “There are bugs in condoms”: Tanzanian close-to-community providers' ability to offer effective adolescent reproductive health services

    The major close-to-community cadres providing reproductive health services were drug stores, traditional healers, TBAs and village health workers. They reported being the first port of call for adolescents seeking reproductive health services, but their knowledge of ARH needs was poor and most have limited capacity to provide ARH services. Without training and cooperation with the mainstream health sector, their contribution to positive reproductive health outcomes is limited, or could indeed lead to adverse outcomes.

    December 4, 2014
    J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

  • Focusing NIH HIV/AIDS research for maximum population impact

    Significant budget constraints pose challenges and opportunities for NIH HIV/AIDS research. We present recommendations and priorities for focusing the HIV/AIDS research program, based on deliberations from an external Working Group of the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC). Optimizing these priorities requires that traditional silos be dissolved and structural issues affecting the pipeline of new investigators and OAR's ability to fulfill its role of steward of the NIH HIV/AIDS research program be directly addressed.
    December 4, 2014
    Clin Infect Dis

  • How to stop the spread of HIV in Africa

    In an attempt to stop the spread of HIV, governments in [sub-Saharan Africa] are considering providing antiretroviral drugs to people at risk for becoming infected....In South Africa, a complex mathematical model developed at UCLA predicted that targeting “hot zones”, [areas where risk of HIV infection is much higher than the national average], would prevent 40 percent more HIV infections than using the conventional strategy -- and would therefore be 40 percent more cost-effective.
    December 2, 2014
    Science Daily

  • New structural biology software tackles viruses and bacteria

    The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA, has come up with some new 3-D modeling software that can more easily spotlight a set of midsized biological structures--like a virus or bacteria....By modeling how viruses like HIV work, investigators can test various theories on how they work, and how they can can be quelled.
     
    December 2, 2014
    FiercePharma

  • HIV drug blocks bone metastases in prostate cancer

    Although prostate cancer can be successfully treated in many men, when the disease metastasizes to the bone, it is eventually lethal. The receptor CCR5, targeted by HIV drugs, is also key in driving prostate cancer metastases, suggesting that blocking this molecule could slow prostate cancer spread.
    December 1, 2014
    Science Daily

  • Ability of HIV to cause AIDS is slowing, research suggests

    The rapid evolution of HIV, which has allowed the virus to develop resistance to patients' natural immunity, is at the same time slowing the virus's ability to cause AIDS, according to new research. The study also indicates that people infected by HIV are likely to progress to AIDS more slowly -- in other words the virus becomes less 'virulent' -- because of widespread access to antiretroviral therapy (ART).
    December 1, 2014
    Science Daily

  • Sophisticated HIV diagnostics adapted for remote areas

    Diagnosing HIV and other infectious diseases presents unique challenges in remote locations that lack electric power, refrigeration, and appropriately trained health care staff. To address these issues, researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have developed a low-cost, electricity-free device capable of detecting the DNA of infectious pathogens, including HIV-1. The device uses a small scale chemical reaction, rather than electric power.
    December 1, 2014
    Science Daily

  • Is biomedical research a good investment?

    Providing mathematical proof of the positive overall cost-benefit relationship of investments in research, particularly biomedical research, is at best a formidable task; nonetheless, the body of evidence in support of the proposition is substantial.
     
    December 1, 2014
    J Clin Invest.

  • African adolescents less likely to follow up with ART vs. adults

    Data from a retrospective study conducted in seven African countries with a predominantly young female cohort [of 16,421 patients who initiated therapy during 2004-2012] indicated adolescents were less likely to follow up with ART compared with older adults....Despite an increase in ART since 2005, as well as decreased HIV-related deaths and lower HIV incidence globally, annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased approximately 50%.
    November 26, 2014
    Healio

  • A new multidrug-resistant strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Australia

    To the Editor: In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance as being an urgent threat....Here we report a third gonococcal strain that is a cause for public health concern.
     
    November 6, 2014
    N Engl J Med

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